Peking opera stage design9/6/2023 STAGE MAKEUP IN THE BEIJING OPERA OF CHINA AND THE KABUKI THEATRE OF JAPAN In recent years, Peking opera has responded to sagging audience numbers by attempting reforms, including improving performance quality, adapting new performance elements, shortening works, and performing new and original plays.Kumadori makeup https///clients/sbklein/images/EDOTHEATE R/kabuki/pages/kabukipaint.html After the Cultural Revolution, these transformations were largely undone. Traditional Peking opera was denounced as "feudalistic" and "bourgeois" during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) and replaced mostly with the revolutionary operas until the period's end. The repertoire of Peking opera includes over 1,400 works, which are based on Chinese history, folklore and, increasingly, contemporary life. Melodies include arias, fixed-tune melodies and percussion patterns. The music of Peking opera can be divided into the xīpí ( 西皮) and èrhuáng ( 二黄) styles. The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music. Performers also adhere to a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the production. Above all else, the skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements. They use the skills of speech, song, dance and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive, rather than realistic. With their elaborate and colorful costumes, performers are the only focal points on Peking opera's characteristically sparse stage. Performing troupes often have several of each variety, as well as numerous secondary and tertiary performers. Peking opera features four main role types, sheng (gentlemen), dan (women), jing (rough men), and chou (clowns). "Peking Opera" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
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